The dollar surged against counterparts worldwide ranging from Australia’s currency to Turkey’s lira as the Federal Reserve’s signal it is getting closer to reducing monetary stimulus pushed volatility to the highest in a year and spurred losses in carry trades.

The U.S. currency strengthened versus all of its 16-most- traded peers and Deutsche Bank AG’s G10 FX Carry Basket index fell to the lowest level since October as Fed Chairman Ben S. Bernanke yesterday outlined the case for reduced monetary stimulus this year if the U.S. economy keeps improving. India leads carry losses among the 31 most-traded currencies versus the dollar this month with a 4.8 percent decline while its central bank likely intervened to protect the rupee.

“The market is in a shoot first and ask questions later kind of a mode, and you see massive dollar strength, unwind of carry trades,” Eric Stein, a portfolio manager at Eaton Vance Corp. who helps oversee about $17.5 billion of fixed-income assets in Boston, said in a telephone interview. “The Fed has pulled forward volatility.”

The dollar rose 0.6 percent to $1.3213 per euro at 9:30 a.m. in New York, after reaching the biggest two-day gain since July 6, 2012. The U.S. currency advanced 1.4 percent to 97.75 per yen. The Japan’s currency fell 0.7 percent to 129.17 per euro.

Dollar Measure

The Dollar Index, which Intercontinental Exchange Inc. uses to monitor the greenback against the currencies of six U.S. trade partners, gained 0.5 percent to 81.870, reaching its strongest level since June 10.

The JPMorgan Global FX Volatility Index increased to 11.51 percent, the highest level since June 7, 2012. The average in the past year is 8.66 percent. Gold fell below $1,300 an ounce to the lowest in more than 2 1/2 years in New York, exceeding April’s drop into a bear market. Yields on 10-year Treasuries touched 2.47 percent, the highest since August 2011.

Deutsche Bank AG’s G10 FX Carry Basket index gained 6.8 percent in 2012 after declining the previous two years as weak economic data in the U.S., Japan and the euro region led to speculation that central banks would keep rates low and inject money to boost growth. With those conditions waning, volatility has increased, which is negative for the carry trade because it depends on predictable interest rates across jurisdictions.

India’s rupee dropped 1.5 percent to 59.5750 per dollar after depreciating to a record 59.98. South Korea’s won declined to as low as 1,146.55 per dollar, the weakest since July 26, before closing 1.3 percent lower at 1,145.63. The Turkish lira dropped to an all-time low versus the dollar, weakening as much as 1.5 percent to 1.9315.

Chile’s Currency

Chile’s peso weakened 2.6 percent to 512.58 against the greenback and Poland’s zloty fell 1.6 percent to 3.2779.

“QE3 is now likely to end in the middle of next year so we’ve had an initial rise in the dollar,” said Gavin Friend, a currency strategist at National Australia Bank Ltd. in London, referring to quantitative easing, or QE. “People are reading this as the end the cheap money that’s gone into emerging markets from the U.S. and Europe. If today’s U.S. data is reasonable, the dollar will continue to rally against currencies like the Aussie in particular.”

More Americans than forecast filed applications for unemployment benefits last week, showing progress on reducing joblessness remains uneven amid slower growth this quarter.

Australia’s dollar dropped for a fifth day versus the greenback amid the prospect of reduced Fed stimulus and after HSBC Holdings Plc and Markit Economics said the preliminary reading of their Purchasing Managers’ Index for China’s manufacturing was at 48.3 in June, below the 49.1 estimated by economists in a Bloomberg survey.

Aussie Forces

“The link between the China growth story and the Aussie dollar remains crucial,” said Michael Judge, a dealer at OZForex Pty Ltd. in Sydney. “We all know the only way interest rates are heading in this country at the moment is south, and obviously weakening China growth doesn’t help that prognosis.”

The Aussie slid 1.2 percent to 91.84 U.S. cents after dropping to the weakest since Sept. 8, 2010. The New Zealand dollar fell 1.9 percent to 77.49 cents after reaching 77.43, the lowest since June 14, 2012.

The Federal Open Market Committee yesterday left the monthly pace of bond purchases at $85 billion, saying “downside risks to the outlook for the economy and the labor market” have diminished. Policy makers raised their growth forecasts for next year to a range of 3 percent to 3.5 percent and reduced their outlook for unemployment to as low as 6.5 percent.

“If the incoming data are broadly consistent with this forecast, the committee currently anticipates that it would be appropriate to moderate the pace of purchases later this year,” Bernanke said in a press conference in Washington. If later reports meet the Fed’s expectations, “we will continue to reduce the pace of purchases in measured steps through the first half of next year, ending purchases around mid-year.”

Krone Slump

Norway’s currency declined the most since 2011 against the dollar. The central bank kept its benchmark rate at 1.5 percent at its meeting today, as forecast by 21 of the 22 economists surveyed by Bloomberg. The central bank predicted the key rate would be 1.38 percent in the fourth quarter of this year, versus an earlier forecast of 1.45 percent.

“The price action has been quite extreme,” said Michael Sneyd, a currency strategist at BNP Paribas SA in London. “The language showed a bias towards the prospects of a rate cut. A lot of the market was expecting the Norges Bank to remove this scope, so that was a big surprise.”

The krone slumped 2.5 percent to 7.8671 per euro, reaching the biggest one-day drop since May 2010. It slid to the weakest since September 2011.