Foreign nationals who want to invest in the United States need the advice of a financial advisor to navigate their way through the system, according to those with experience in the field.

The program that allows foreigners to invest in U.S. projects seems to always be embroiled in some kind of controversy but that does not negate the importance of the program or the good that can come out of it, according to Michael Gibson, an investment advisor with USAdvisors.org, which deals almost exclusively with what is known as the EB-5 program.

The program is named for the kind of permanent residency visa that the investor receives in exchange for putting money into a project in the United States. The expedited visa, or green card, gives permanent residency status in the United States to the investor and his or her family. It often leads to citizenship as well.

But the EB-5 program, which was created by Congress in 1990, has been rife with scandal and is frequently the subject of Congressional hearings.

The most notorious scandal, but not the only one by far, is the ongoing problem with the Jay Peak commercial and sky resort development in upstate Vermont. The project has been under investigation because of the alleged disappearance of millions of dollars and the lack of evidence that it could ever be a profit-making venture.

The EB-5 program was created to encourage investment in projects in the United States to create jobs and in turn to grant residency to investors, most of whom come from China and Russia. Investments of $500,000 or $1 million are required to qualify, depending on where the project is located, and a certain number of jobs have to be created.

But the projects and finances often lack transparency, which can cause problems for the investor, says Gibson. And that is what creates the need for the investor to have outside, unbiased advice.

“I started in this work because I met an immigration attorney who had a client with five investment choices under the EB-5 program. I helped evaluate the choices and made a recommendation and it sort of grew from there,” he says.

Projects are arranged by regional centers located throughout the United States and the investor often relies on the center and the immigration attorney for information. However, an unbiased source of advice from a fiduciary is needed to guide the investor, Gibson says.

“This is a great niche market for an advisor who is willing to do the research necessary to understand the EB-5 program and the projects involved,” Gibson says. “There are some broker-dealers who are involved, but very few financial advisors.”

Vaughan de Kirby, a broker registered with the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (Finra) and an immigration attorney who works with EB-5 investors, says associating with a broker-dealer who works in the EB-5 market is one way for an advisor to break into this niche.

“We’ve represented more than 1,000 clients who have invested in EB-5 projects and they did OK,” de Kirby says. “But there have been abuses where money was moved from job-creating projects to non-job creating projects.”

Investors frequently make low returns on their investments, but they are satisfied because the real goal is to obtain the green card, he says.

But that is an important reason why they need investment protection, adds Gibson. “If something goes wrong with a project, the future of not only the investor but his or her family is in jeopardy, because their goal is to come to the United States. They may be fleeing persecution.”

Kurt Nunez, a compliance consultant with Core Compliance & Legal Services in San Diego, has extensive experience dealing with EB-5 investors and says the ones he has dealt with in the San Diego area have relocated and are doing well.

“But there are not many broker-dealers or financial advisors in this market to help them and it is difficult for an advisor to start from scratch,” Nunez says. “This can be a lucrative business model for those who are willing to stay on top of the regulations and research the projects.”