F-Squared Investments Inc., one of the largest managers of investment products built using exchange-traded funds, said U.S. regulators were considering a civil action against the firm over performance claims made in the firm’s advertising materials.

The firm, which oversees $27.7 billion, received a Wells notice from the Securities and Exchange Commission on Aug. 13 informing it that SEC staff recommends an action, the Wellesley, Massachusetts-based firm said in a filing submitted Aug. 29.

F-Squared, whose assets have grown from about $3 billion in 2011, had told clients in October it was under investigation by the SEC over its advertised performance records from April 2001 through September 2008, which the regulator later found contained errors and weren’t based on actual client assets. F- Squared is among the most prominent firms in a fast-growing investing niche, specializing in actively managed accounts that use ETFs instead of single stocks or bonds as their holdings.

“F-Squared has taken significant steps in recent years to improve its controls to ensure that these sorts of problems will not recur,” the company said in a statement today. The performance claims in question were removed from all marketing materials in October.

Brokerage firms RBC Wealth Management, Raymond James Financial Inc. and Wells Fargo Advisors had been pulling back since last year on how much new business their advisers can do with F-Squared, according to a person with knowledge of the matter, who asked not be named because the information is private.

Attracting Assets

In a letter to clients today, F-Squared said it’s not accurate that clients are backing away from the firm, and that it has added about $6.6 billion in net new flows since the investigation started in October through July. RBC and Raymond James have increased their business with F-Squared by $30 million over the past year, according to the person familiar with the matter.

The decision by the brokerages was reported yesterday by the Wall Street Journal.

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