A. Alfred Taubman, who died in April at 91, was best known as the billionaire chairman of Sotheby’s who transformed the genteel auctioneer into an international powerhouse and went to prison after being convicted of fixing prices with rival Christie’s.

Less is known about Taubman, the collector. That’s about to change.

Sotheby’s on Thursday said it will offer more than 500 works amassed by Taubman over more than 50 years, ranging from antiquities to contemporary art, in four stand-alone auctions, starting on Nov. 4. The group is valued at more than $500 million, the highest estimate ever for a private collection at auction, according to the auction house.

“He was a self-made man and his collection was put together with his own eye," said Simon Shaw, co-head of Sotheby’s Impressionist and modern art department worldwide. “While he is a very well-known figure, he is not known as a collector. It will be a surprise for people."

The first sale, “Masterworks,” will launch two weeks of semi-annual November auctions in New York. The Impressionist, modern, postwar and contemporary sales at Sotheby’s, Christie’s and Phillips will be the biggest test of the art market following the turmoil in the financial markets.

Picasso, de Kooning

The “Masterworks" evening sale will have about 70 lots, include three paintings estimated at $25 million to $35 million: Pablo Picasso’s 1938 “Femme Assise sur une Chaise," Willem de Kooning’s 1976 “Untitled XXI" and Amedeo Modigliani’s 1919 “Portrait de Paulette Jourdain."

Two paintings by Mark Rothko-- 1952’s “Untitled (Lavender and Green)" and 1962’s “No. 6 / Sienna, Orange on Wine" -- are estimated at $20 million to $30 million each.

Martin Johnson Heade’s fiery canvas “The Great Florida Sunset" will be the highlight of Sotheby’s special American Art sale from the collection on Nov. 18. The 1887 painting is estimated at $7 million to $10 million.

Taubman started Taubman Co. with a $5,000 loan in 1950 and began collecting art soon thereafter, buying through dealers such as Leo Castelli and Betty Parsons and at auctions, Sotheby’s said. Taubman Centers, a real estate investment trust, began trading on the New York Stock Exchange in 1992.

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