People around the world continue to expect a sizable portion of their retirement income to come from the government.

In fact, the average respondent expected almost half of their retirement income, 46 percent, to come from government retirement benefits, according to a report released by the Transamerica Center for Retirement, a division of the Los Angeles-based nonprofit foundation Transamerica Institute.

The survey, A Retirement Wake-Up Call: The Aegon Retirement Readiness Survey 2016,” was conducted in collaboration with the Aegon Center for Longevity and Retirement, and is the fifth annual study sponsored by the groups. The survey encompasses 16,000 employees and retirees in 15 countries: Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Japan, the Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the U.S.

U.S. respondents expected 43 percent of their retirement income to be funded by Social Security and other government benefits. Spanish citizens had the highest expectation of retirement income from government benefits, at 64 percent, while people in India had the lowest, at 25 percent.

Only 26 percent of workers globally, and 32 percent in the U.S., believe they are on course to achieving their retirement income needs.

Globally, only 13 percent of workers, 26 percent in the U.S., said they have a written retirement plan.

When asked what steps governments should take to address financially strained retirement programs, most respondents said that reform is needed. Almost one in three, 31 percent, of people globally believed that government should increase overall funding for social security-type benefits through raising taxes without having to reduce the value of individual payments.

Thirty-three percent of U.S. respondents agreed that taxes should be raised without a reduction in individual benefits.

Fewer respondents, 15 percent globally and 19 percent in the U.S., supported reducing benefits without increasing taxes.

Around one-in-four respondents, 27 percent globally and 23 percent in the U.S., felt that governments should take a balanced approach to funding and securing retirement benefits programs.

Views on raising the retirement age diverged: while only 20 percent of the global respondents felt that the retirement age should increase in line with increases in life expectancy, 32 percent of the U.S. respondents agreed with raising the retirement age.

Responses also diverged on savings behaviors. While 54 percent of the U.S. respondents reported that they were “habitual savers” who always saved for retirement, only 38 percent of workers globally agreed. While 21 percent of U.S. respondents said they were occasional savers, 23 percent of the global respondents agreed.

The survey revealed changing views on retirement, envisioning a future where they continue to work after formally retiring.

Globally, most workers, 58 percent, believe a phased retirement in which they transition to part-time work to be an important occupation benefit, but only 28 percent say the option is offered to them. In the U.S., 65 percent of workers favor a phased retirement option, but only 32 percent are able to access the benefit.

Each year, the study posts the Aegon Retirement Readiness Index, a measure of retirement preparedness on a scale of 1 to 10, with a score of 8 or higher considered to be “high retirement readiness,” scores between 6 and 8 as “medium,” and scores under 6 to be “low.”

This year, the global index score is listed at 5.8, still low but up from the lowest score of 5.2 in the inaugural survey of 2012. In the U.S., the readiness index score increased from 5.6 in 2012 to 6.7 this year.

This year’s survey was conducted via online interviews in February 2016.