The place might sound like a Wall Street throwback: Men do the trading. Women do the marketing. Not a single investment employee is Black. But here’s something even more remarkable: none of this is so remarkable at all.
This, after all, is the hedge fund industry, one of the most White-male-dominated businesses in the mostly White-male world of American finance.
Like most hedge-fund firms, this one, Solus Alternative Asset Management of New York, declined to discuss its roughly 50-person workforce, or how and why it hires who it does. In fact, hard numbers are difficult to come by all across this hush-hush business -- which tends to be how hedge funds like it.
But what data are publicly available, as well as interviews with people in the business, all point to the same conclusion: the $3.2 trillion hedge-fund industry is even more segregated by race and gender than other corners of U.S. finance.
Intensely private, free of public stockholders and typically shielded by strict work contracts, many firms are able to operate much like the Wall Street partnerships of old. Many women and people of color say the effect, intentional or not, is a system that often favors white men and perpetuates the divides in the industry. This week, one of the industry’s most senior females settled a pay dispute with her previous employer, a case she said was about gender discrimination.
The numbers tell the story: not one of the nation’s 30 largest hedge funds is run by a woman or a person of color. Most women- or Black-owned firms have less than $500 million in assets under management. Many have far less.
Firms including Citadel, Renaissance Technologies, DE Shaw & Co., Two Sigma Investments and Millennium Management declined to discuss or give data about the diversity of their investment teams. Industry insiders say while these giant firms may have diversity efforts, the percentage of women and African Americans in investing roles is still low. And that under-representation is even more acute at smaller firms, which have fewer staff and are more likely to recruit from tight-knit social circles.
Well-known shops such as Tiger Global Management, Light Street Capital Management and PointState Capital have very few or no women or Black people helping to manage money. The entire leadership team listed on the website of Aristeia Capital, which was founded in 1997, is made up of white men. Over at Sculptor Capital Management Inc., just six out of its 45 U.S. managing directors are women and they’re all in non-investing roles. Only one is African American.
All these firms declined to comment.
“The hedge fund industry is going to be one of the toughest to crack,” said Troy Dixon, founder of one of the few sizable Black-run hedge funds, Hollis Park Partners.
Why is diversity such a problem for hedge funds?
The reasons are many, industry veterans say. One is a Wall Street culture that hires from within and rarely hands coveted trading roles -- the people who move the money -- to minorities or women, cutting off a key avenue for getting ahead. Another is that there are few plum investment jobs, and little turnover at the best firms. And third, it may come down to the fact that hedge funds themselves are resistant to change, and no one is forcing it on them.
It’s a system that works against those on the outside. Without experience at a hedge fund or working under the tutelage of one of the industry’s big names, minorities don’t gain the credibility and contacts needed to launch their own shops or attract sizable assets.
Women- and minority-owned hedge funds controlled less than 1% of total industry assets in mid-2017, according to a report by Harvard Business School professor Josh Lerner.
“Look at who the big players are: do they look very diverse by any metric?” said Barbara Ann Bernard, founder and chief investment officer of Wincrest Capital. “You need scale to get ahead in this industry.”
Talent Pool
One common refrain from the industry is that the pool of incoming talent is too limited for hedge funds to rapidly increase their diversity. But those who’ve worked on the problem for decades say firms aren’t always using resources available to them.