Forced out by Weill in 1998, Dimon sold 2.3 million Citigroup shares after his exit, according to public filings, collecting an estimated $110 million before taxes.

The after-tax proceeds from that and other stock sales, dividends and about $115 million in salary since 1991 would be worth about $540 million if he invested the money in a blend of stocks, bonds, hedge funds, commodities and cash, assuming a weighted average annual return of 6.7 percent over the past 24 years, according to the Bloomberg Billionaires Index.

In his second act, Dimon became CEO of Chicago-based Bank One in 2000. He improved that lender’s balance sheet and profits and later sold it to JPMorgan, becoming the combined firm’s CEO at the end of 2005 and adding the chairman title the next year. The bank absorbed weakened institutions during the financial crisis and by 2011 had leapfrogged Citigroup and Bank of America Corp. to become the largest lender in the U.S. by assets.

Record Earnings

Under Dimon, JPMorgan has become what most analysts consider the best-run of the universal banks, which have both consumer banking and Wall Street operations. Unlike competitors, it remained profitable during the crisis and produced record earnings in four of the past five years. JPMorgan shares have climbed 66 percent since the end of 2005, when Dimon took the reins, outperforming the 87-company Standard & Poor’s 500 Financials Index, which fell 22 percent over the same period.

Dimon owns 6.1 million shares of JPMorgan valued at about $404 million based on Tuesday’s closing price of $66.02. He also has 3.2 million exercisable options worth more than $80 million, according to company filings. The Bloomberg net-worth calculation excludes unexercisable options, some restricted shares and $4.1 million in contributions he has made to the James and Judith K. Dimon Foundation. It also assumes taxes are paid at the highest rate.

Real estate holdings include a Westchester home and Park Avenue apartments valued at $32 million. The estimate is based on the 2006 purchase price of the 30-acre property in Bedford Corners, New York, and the current market value of his primary Park Avenue residence.

Lightning Rod

Dimon’s wealth -- he was awarded $20 million in compensation for 2014 -- and his criticism of regulators and adversaries has made him a lightning rod for those decrying income inequality and the existence of too-big-to-fail banks. Even a Dimon family holiday greeting card featuring the father of three swinging a tennis racket in a well-appointed apartment was lambasted in Time magazine as “tone deaf.”

Unbowed, Dimon is his industry’s most prominent defender, arguing repeatedly that megabanks with diverse revenue streams are safer than smaller firms. While JPMorgan’s performance during the crisis bolstered his case, the company has since racked up $36 billion in legal costs settling a litany of claims and pleaded guilty to a criminal antitrust violation last month.