Last week’s rising stock prices suggested that many investors are still wishing the Federal Reserve will step in to counter downward pressures on the market. Hopes for this “Fed put,” however, may be confusing the Fed’s willingness to act with its ability to do so.
Markets breathed a noticeable sigh of relief last week when Rafael Bostic, the president of the Atlanta Fed, opened the door to the possibility that the Fed might pause its rate hikes in September. Such a hiatus would be warranted not by the Fed regaining control of inflation but rather by concerns about the effects of continued tightening on the equity markets.
It’s premature for investors to hope that such an early pause would boost stocks.
Given persistent high inflation, the Fed is theoretically barred from easing financial conditions in the short term just to support the stock market. This constraint could be relaxed, however, in two ways—one good and one bad.
First, an already late Fed could theoretically succeed quickly in fighting inflation. That would require improvements on the supply side of the economy, due to the resolution of supply-chain bottlenecks and to higher growth in productivity. Such a scenario would also need labor force participation to increase, and have a mix of accumulated personal savings and targeted government support enable most households to navigate the transition period.
The bad way involves income-related problems amplifying the pressure that households face from rising prices. In this case, aggregate demand will fall throughout the economy, as reduced consumption discourages business investment and exports, and as a Fed playing catch-up miscalculates the effects of simultaneously hiking rates and contracting its balance sheet. Inflationary pressures would subside, but at a significant cost to Americans’ economic, social and financial well-being.
While we should hope for the former possibility and take steps to avoid the latter, it’s unrealistic to expect that either one will play out in the next three months. So it’s hard to come up with a convincing case at this stage for the Fed to pause rate increases in September after the widely anticipated 50-basis-point hikes on June 15 and July 27.
This doesn’t mean the Fed will not be tempted to pause in September. Considering how long last year the Fed stuck by its mischaracterization of inflation as transitory, it is not out of the question that the Fed could again do something that it shouldn’t.