Heading into the election, polling data and market signals disagreed on how close the presidential election would be, with market signals calling the race much closer—which turned out to be accurate. Now that we have more clarity on the results of the election, we can review what we believe will be some of the key market implications going forward.
Biden Wins But Senate Yet To Be Decided
Former Vice President Joe Biden has been elected the 46th President of the United States, defeating President Donald Trump in a tight race. Based on the polls and some market signals, the outcome of the presidential election may not have been much of a surprise.
The Senate was a different story. Conventional wisdom expected the Senate to go the same way as the top of the ticket. But the stronger-than-expected performance by some Senate Republicans considered vulnerable means that the Democrats will have to win both Georgia Senate seats in January runoffs—a tall task in a traditionally conservative state—to reach 50 seats and take control of the Senate (Vice President-elect Kamala Harris would break any tie). Here we focus on the most likely outcome—a split Congress under Biden.
A Split Congress Changes Policy
We view a split Congress as market friendly because it probably would take Biden’s most ambitious policy proposals off the table. Most importantly, from a market perspective, tax increases to fund Biden’s green energy and infrastructure investment programs may be nearly impossible to get through the Senate, although smaller targeted tax increases might be possible. A fifth Covid-19 relief bill may be the first priority for the administration, but a package would have to be smaller than previously discussed to get through the Republican Senate.
The market reaction to election results thus far has been firmly bullish as the S&P 500 Index was up more than 7% last week, consistent with our view that markets historically have followed the prevailing price trend regardless of the outcome of the election. History also shows that equity returns have been strongest under a split Congress, which appears to be the most likely scenario in 2021 [Figure 1].
Equities Like Splits
The biggest impact of a split Congress on equities may be that big tax increases are likely off the table. The corporate tax changes Biden has proposed could have cut S&P 500 earnings by 10% or more in 2021. We would also anticipate a Biden administration may reduce or eliminate tariffs, which would have a positive impact on earnings. According to estimates from Strategas Research Partners, removal of the China tariffs would increase 2021 earnings for the S&P 500 by more than 5%.
The new political landscape also may have important implications for a number of asset classes and sectors:
• Financials. The regulatory environment for financial companies could get tougher in a Biden administration, but probably not materially so without support of a Democratic-controlled Congress. Interest rate headwinds may get stronger with less stimulus money and less deficit spending under a split Congress.
• Health care. A split Congress adds significant hurdles for major healthcare reform, a big positive for the healthcare sector. A public option to compete with private health insurers could have been very damaging for publicly traded managed care organizations. Drug price regulations are still likely, but we believe manageable.