In an NFT auction that was devoid of drama until its final hour, two artworks by the anonymous digital artist Pak sold for $2.8 million on Wednesday on the online marketplace Nifty Gateway. The works were part of a multifaceted sale in partnership with the auction house Sotheby’s, which drew $16.8 million in total.
NFTs, or non-fungible tokens, are commonly described as smart contracts and are built on blockchain technology to serve as a digital form of authentication. A digital artwork can be replicated an infinite number of times; an NFT attached to one means there’s an official version, and everything else is a copy.
To date, NFTs have been attached to a tweet that sold for $2.9 million, NBA-licensed clips of Lebron James that sold for $208,000, and a 96-year-old painting that sold for about $40,000. Most famously, a digital mosaic by the artist Beeple sold for $69.3 million at Christie’s last month. By that comparison, the Pak sale largely underdelivered, yet it still represents a dazzling valuation for artworks that didn’t exist just two weeks ago.
Other works in the sale included an open edition of an image of a cube, called Cube. On the first day, an NFT of one cube cost $500, an NFT of five cost $2,500, and so forth, up to a 1,000-cube NFT for $500,000. About 19,740 cubes across the various eight tiers sold during the first day’s 15-minute sales window, yielding $9.87 million.
On the second day, the price for a single cube was doubled, to $1,000; 3,268 sold across all eight levels, yielding $3.3 million in the same amount of time. On the third day, it was raised to $1,500, with 593 selling. In total, 3,080 unique buyers spent about $14 million on 23,598 cubes.
Critics have been comparing NFTs to the famous 17th century Dutch tulip mania. Indeed, in recent weeks, prices and sales volumes have slumped across various NFT marketplaces. In an interview with Bloomberg, even the Beeple artwork’s buyer called the industry a “huge risk.”
While the Pak sale by some measures disappointed—there were no crazy records set, and the highest price for a Pak artwork was just 21% of what yet another $6.6 million Beeple artwork sold for back in February—the large volume of participants in the open edition, along with the million dollar-plus results for digital art, goes a long way to prove that the demand for NFTs hasn’t subsided.
The Pak Auction
The Pak bonanza on Nifty Gateway ran from April 12–14. In a twist, four of the works on offer weren’t technically up for sale and instead were structured to incentivize as much spending on alternative Pak artworks as possible. Think of them as digital versions of the cosmetics industry’s “free gift with $50 purchase.”
For instance, a unique work called The Cube (not to be confused with the open edition Cube) is to be “given” to the collector who bought the most cubes by the end of the three-day sale. Similarly, a work called Complexity was created in an edition of 100; one was also gifted to each of the 100 individuals who had bought the most cubes.
The work Equilibrium, which is in an edition of four, was also structured as a gift, along with more byzantine criteria: One of the edition was given to a person who solved a puzzle; one went to a collector who had spent the most on any work by Pak on the secondary market (i.e., not as part of the April 12–14 sale); one would be awarded to someone who posted the hashtag #PakWasHere to “the biggest social media audience”; and one would go to someone who publicly guessed the total amount that the three-day sale would amass.
The final of the “reserved” NFTs in the sale, The Builder, was created in an edition of 30 and distributed “to artists, builders, and creators who have paved the way for Pak and other NFT artists” as determined by Pak—a sort of “free if you can afford it” gift for NFT insiders.
Stand-alone Auction
Two NFTs were up for sale as unique works. Because Nifty Gateway usually has a “scoreboard” of bidders beneath any given artwork, viewers could see what individual collectors were willing to pay and in what intervals they were willing to pay it. In a Clubhouse chat hosted by Sotheby’s during the last minutes of the sale, a participant claimed that the elongated bidding was itself an act of “performance art.”
The more expensive work, The Switch, depicts a geometric form in Pak’s signature aesthetic: a high-definition black-and-white work that’s reminiscent of space photography. The work is thusly named, the text informs us, because it’s “developed to change form at a specific point of time in the future, known by Pak.”