All this is shrinking the definition of the American dream. Millennials, in particular, seem disillusioned. Over 50 years, “children’s prospects of earning more than their parents have fallen from 90 percent to 50 percent,” according to the home page of the Equality of Opportunity Project, a research effort that analyzes income mobility. The project is citing figures from a 2016 study (PDF), "The Fading American Dream: Trends in Absolute Income Mobility Since 1940."

Fifty-one percent of the 18- to 29-year-olds who took part in a national poll released by Harvard’s Institute of Politics in late 2016 said they were “fearful” about the future of America. Those fears centered on the attainability of the American Dream, with every demographic within the 2,150 people polling as more fearful than hopeful. The groups with the most widespread anxiety about the future were white women, at 60 percent, and white men, at 54 percent. Only 32 percent of white females think they will do better than their parents financially; just 36 percent of white men think they will.

That pessimism—or realism—extends to expectations for getting Social Security when they need it. Eighty-one percent of millennials worry that Social Security won't be there for them when they want to retire, according to a 2016 survey by the Transamerica Center for Retirement Studies. While a lot of data show that millennials are good savers, there’s only so much one can save if economic opportunity and income mobility are limited.

A sturdier, more comprehensive safety net wouldn't ensure the American Dream, but it would reduce the retirement dread.

This article was provided by Bloomberg News.

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