Advisors might be sorely disappointed with tactical investment managers who use valuation measures to reduce or increase equity exposure, according to asset-allocation guru Roger Gibson.

Gibson, speaking Wednesday at the CFA Institute’s wealth management conference in Garden Grove, Calif., said that a majority of financial advisors say they are now using tactical strategies based on equity valuation measures.

Yet it’s impossible to predict future returns that way, he said. For example, in each of the years 1930, 1954 and 1990, stocks had 10-year normalized P/E ratios of 16.6, Gibson said, but had widely varying returns over the next 10 years: More than 15 percent compounded from 1990, but less than 5 percent after 1930.

“The irony of tactical allocation that is valuation-based is that, because [of the way investors react], it prevents anyone from taking advantage of it,” he said, waving copies of the now-infamous 1999 book, Dow 36,000, which sold well at the time, versus Robert Shiller’s book, Irrational Exuberance, a warning about an overvalued market published in 2000 that met with more limited success.

Gibson, founder and chief investment officer of Gibson Capital LLC, is best known for his own book, Asset Allocation: Balancing Financial Risk (2013, fifth edition, McGraw-Hill Publishing).

He chided advisors who abandoned asset allocation after the financial crisis because they were upset that all asset classes, except high-quality bonds, suffered losses.

From 1972 through 2013, there have been four instances when U.S. stocks, foreign stocks, real estate securities and commodities all lost ground in the same year, he said.

“There’s nothing unique that they failed at the same time -- that happens periodically,” Gibson said.

Sticking with diversified portfolios of different asset classes is not easy for advisors, he said. Gibson used himself as an example.

The year “1998 was my worst year in the business,” he said. “I had a one-third contraction in assets from 1998 to 1999. Clients told me, ‘You’re a nice guy and I know you wrote the book [on asset allocation], but you didn’t get the bulletin. … You’re managing money according to the principals of yesteryear.”

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