There's no evidence that they did so after the meeting; tracking firm-specific short stock sales isn't possible using public documents. And law professors say that Paulson himself broke no law by disclosing what amounted to inside information.
At the time, rumors about Fannie and Freddie were tearing through the markets. The government-chartered firms' mandate, which continues today, is to buy mortgages from banks and repackage them into securities either for their own portfolios or to sell to others. The banks can then use the proceeds from those transactions to write new mortgages.
By mid-2008, delinquencies and foreclosures were soaring. In the first six months of 2008, the GSEs racked up combined net losses of $5.46 billion as they slashed dividends and marked down the values of their huge inventories of mortgage-backed securities.
On Wall Street, confusion reigned. UBS AG analyst Eric Wasserstrom on July 10 cut his share price target on Freddie to $10 from $28. The next day, Citigroup Inc. analyst Bradley Ball reiterated a "buy" recommendation on the two GSEs. At the time Paulson addressed the fund managers, the GSEs' shares were rallying, with Fannie Mae's nearly doubling in four days.
William Black, associate professor of economics and law at the University of Missouri-Kansas City, can't understand why Paulson felt impelled to share the Treasury Department's plan with the fund managers.
"You just never ever do that as a government regulator -- transmit nonpublic market information to market participants," says Black, who's a former general counsel at the Federal Home Loan Bank of San Francisco. "There were no legitimate reasons for those disclosures."
Janet Tavakoli, founder of Chicago-based financial consulting firm Tavakoli Structured Finance Inc., says the meeting fits a pattern.
"What is this but crony capitalism?" she asks. "Most people have had their fill of it."
The fund manager who described the meeting left after coffee and called his lawyer. The attorney's quick conclusion: Paulson's talk was what the Securities and Exchange Commission would label material nonpublic information, and his client should immediately stop trading the shares of Washington-based Fannie and McLean, Virginia-based Freddie.
Seven weeks later, the boards of the two firms voted to go into conservatorship under the newly created Federal Housing Finance Agency. The takeover was effective Sept. 6, a Saturday, and the companies' stock prices dropped below $1 the following Monday, from $14.13 for Fannie Mae and $8.75 for Freddie Mac on the day of the meeting. Various classes of preferred shares lost upwards of 85 percent of their value.