"It does hurt them," said Stephane Rambosson, managing partner at executive search firm Veni Partners in London and a former Citigroup Inc. banker. "The perception of the firm has gone down, and a lot of the winners of tomorrow are sitting back and thinking, 'Do I want to be with Goldman?'"

There's little evidence that the firm's popularity with clients has been hurt by the SEC lawsuit, the Senate's criticism or a recent ruling by Delaware Chancery Court Judge Leo Strine, who faulted Goldman Sachs's handling of a conflict of interest. The bank won more business than any other in advising companies on takeovers and equity offerings last year, according to data compiled by Bloomberg.

Some clients of Goldman Sachs's sales and trading department, the business in which Smith worked, said they are always cautious in dealings with Wall Street banks, understanding that their interests can diverge.

"The argument that Goldman has become increasingly profit-driven, sometimes at the expense of clients' best interests, and that some employees use vulgar and disrespectful language, is hardly news," Whitney Tilson, founder of hedge fund T2 Partners LLC, wrote in an e-mailed commentary. "What's the next 'shocking' headline: 'Prostitution in Vegas!?'"

Smith was an executive director in London, a title equal to vice president in New York. The firm employs almost 12,000 vice presidents, and most said in a recent internal survey that "the firm provides exceptional service" to clients, Blankfein and Cohn said in the memo. Smith, who sold U.S. equity derivatives to clients in Europe, the Middle East and Africa, didn't respond to calls seeking comment.

Seven former Goldman Sachs partners and managing directors, positions that are more senior than vice president, said in interviews that Smith shouldn't be taken seriously because he was a junior employee and may have been disgruntled about his pay or career. All asked not to be identified because they didn't want to risk ruining their relationship with the firm.

Still, six of the seven said they agreed with Smith's criticism of how the firm has treated clients under Blankfein and Cohn's management and that current members of the management committee would, too. Even so, they said they don't expect the board of directors to take action or that anything will change because the firm has made money and outperformed most rivals.

"He may have aired a few comments that are true, but he's placed himself on a pedestal," said Jason Kennedy, CEO of the Kennedy Group, a London-based recruitment firm. "The reason he's been at Goldman Sachs for 12 years is that he liked the name and probably liked the money."

A Rarity

It's rare for people on Wall Street, especially at Goldman Sachs, to speak out publicly against their employers or former employees, said Roy Smith, a former Goldman Sachs partner who's now a finance professor at New York University's Stern School of Business.