Two advisors believe he can, but that may be the last thing they agree on.
After a 30-year banking career, a good bit of it
spent launching branch operations in far-flung locales like Hawaii and
Germany, not much is going to deter Mike Kelly from his looming
retirement. Not even the distressed bond market, which has hobbled
yields and made predictable income streams a wistful memory. After
years of diligent investing and careful spending, Kelly is ready to
take the retirement plunge. In fact, he's already told the financial
institution where he's worked for some three decades that he's retiring
December 1, at age 62. He believes the $1 million portfolio he's
diligently built should be enough to provide him with the lifestyle
he's known and loved for years.
"I'm fearful of the same things everyone
fears-running out of money-but I'm not that nervous, because among
other things, I have a paid-off home," says Kelly, whose sleek
Periwinkle blue rambler in Rehobeth, Del., is just five blocks from the
beach.
Can this world traveler, who is due to start
collecting $1,300 a month from Social Security come December, really
retire comfortably on his cool $1 million? On his side, Kelly has only
two hard and fast financial requirements: He doesn't want to leave the
money sitting in his workplace pension, despite the $2,600 per month it
would guarantee him for life. The reason he will take a lump sum
rollover of $397,900 from his pension, and bet on the markets himself,
is clear: He believes, based on family history, that he is unlikely to
live much past age 75, and he wants to leave the funds to his
beneficiaries. His second requirement? He needs $3,500 a month after
taxes to live. The $1,300 a month Social Security will pay him brings
his remaining cash flow needs to about $2,200 a month.
To find out if Kelly's assets will allow him to
retire early in the current economic environment, we asked two senior
investment advisors to create portfolios, which they say should
generate the income Kelly needs to live on over the next 25 or even 35
years.
Patricia Powell, president and founder of The Powell
Financial Group in Martinsville, N.J., built a low-cost, 14-mutual-fund
portfolio for Kelly using T. Rowe Price and Vanguard funds (see
sidebar). "He needs to withdraw about 2.8% of his total portfolio each
year, which is an enviable position to be in compared to many
retirees," says Powell. "I ran a miniplan on him and I'm comfortable
that even with a 4% inflation rate, the equities will still be able to
appreciate and be his hedge against inflation. If they grow, say from
44% to 60%, he'll be able to redistribute the difference back into his
bond funds. Over time I would expect inflation to erode the income
earned on the bonds and cash equivalents, but this is a plan based on
cash flow and total return." Her plan would return a total of at least
$2,200 a month after taxes, she says-the exact income Kelly requested.
Mark Cortazzo, who manages $250 million as a senior
partner and founder of Macro Consulting Group in Parsippany, N.J., says
Kelly doesn't have to settle for $2,200 a month. He advises that Kelly
replicate his pension with a $500,000 investment in the Equitable
Accumulator Variable Annuity, a contract designed to net the annuitant
the upside of the stock market in addition to a guaranteed $30,000 in
income for Kelly annually, while providing a death benefit guarantee
for his beneficiaries. Cortazzo advises that Kelly invest the other
$500,000 in Treasury securities to generate $23,500 a year, and buy
ten-year Treasuries with the remaining $64,000 to gross another $3,000
a year. That, says Cortazzo, gets Kelly $56,500 in annual income,
before taxes and Social Security.
"For someone who has been an accumulator, volatility
in the early years of a plan is a profitable proposition," says
Cortazzo. "But Kelly's switching to a very different kind of sport now,
and it could have a devastating effect. If I had given him the average
large-cap growth portfolio over the last five or six years and he was
drawing down 6% a year, his million would be worth about $100,000
today. Long-term averages are wonderful, but they're meaningless.
Because if the bad years come first, it won't matter what the average
is," Cortazzo says. "If the market were hit that hard, they'd be
equally hard hit at T. Rowe Price and Vanguard, but with no income
guarantee."
While the annuity is expensive, costing 2% over the
expenses of the mutual funds he selected for the contract, Cortazzo
says the net income guarantee of 6% annually for life is well worth it.
Both Kelly and his heirs are entitled to any market increases in his
portfolio. Because of the death benefit guarantee on the contract,
Kelly's beneficiaries will get the remaining portion of his portfolio
or any unused portion of ten years' of his annuity payments, should he
choose to annuitize. (With this Equitable contract, the annuitant would
only need to annuitize once his or her portfolio is depleted.)
The saving grace for both portfolios is Kelly's own
habits. He's a judicious spender and a budget traveler. "I don't expect
things to change much," says the gourmet cook, who usually stays with
friends in England and Germany, enjoys cut-rate theater tickets and is
not averse to taking a consulting job. "I think of retirement as a gift
that will give me the time to travel, work on my beach house and spend
time with friends, some of whom are aging and could probably use my
help."
What the long-time mortgage banker won't get is any
gifts from the mercurial bond market. Thanks to Treasury bill and bond
rates, which ranged from about 4.65% for the shortest maturities (two
months) to just 4.9% for ten-year notes in early April, the margin for
error can be pretty slim for retirees these days. And if interest rates
continue their ascent after years of historic lows, bond prices could
fall dramatically.
Lackluster bond performance is taking its toll on
many retirees. "I keep a box of tissues in my conference room," says
Powell, who says that many retirees are not as prepared as Kelly. "The
average guy spends more time picking the color of his next car."
And without meaningful bond yields, retirement gets
much harder, especially for people on the margin. "Twenty years ago, we
could get very nice rates of returns with guarantees, even 8%, 9% or
10% with Treasuries," Powell says. "Today we're lucky to get 4.7%. And
don't forget that's up from 1% or less back in 2004."
While at some point improving bond rates could
definitely entice Powell to change her allocation and consider bond
ladders, for right now "the yield curve is just too flat. What would I
get going out ten years and locking in? A half-percent more?"
Instead, she says, her low-cost fund portfolio
should provide Kelly with the income he needs and reduce redundancies.
(He originally held four different S&P 500 index funds, which
Powell would reduce to one.) "We're assuming Michael can average 4% on
his cash and cash equivalents and bond funds, and 1% on the balanced
and equity mutual funds, so this portfolio should return about 2.5%,
which is what he needs." To keep Kelly from having to worry too much
about market fluctuations, she's advising that he keep two years of
income in money markets.
Cortazzo says that as opposed to a pension, which
Kelly would leave on the table if he died prematurely, the annuity he's
proposing will guarantee income and a lump-sum payment or payment
stream to Kelly's beneficiaries. At the same time, the annuity is 100%
liquid and carries no early-withdrawal penalties. "If you decide after
a year you can do better elsewhere, you can take your portfolio and any
upside performance you get and simply walk away."
For the risk averse, Cortazzo says, he can use
ten-year Treasuries to cover their basic needs. "But you'll have no
hedge against inflation. And you'll have no potential for meaningful
appreciation or niceties. This risk assessment, and how a retiree wants
to live, is the line investors and advisors have to walk right now,
thanks to the bond market."
Still, Kelly has high hopes for the future. He is
not opposed to downsizing his half-million dollar home if the need
arises. And he may even start dabbling in politics. "I'm tempted to
volunteer for the 2008 presidential campaign," he says. "Retirement
will give me the opportunity to take advantage of any number of
opportunities that come up, whether it's buying last-minute bargain
airfare or taking on an enticing consulting job. If I can preserve this
million, I'll be set."