After one of the worst starts to a year for fixed income, returns may not get much better from here. Long-term interest rates have traded sideways recently but we expect rates to potentially rise further, which would put downward pressure on bond prices. We’re not giving up on high-quality fixed income though, as Treasury securities have shown to be the best diversifier during times of equity market stresses.
The Case For (Still) Higher Treasury Yields
Interest rates have moved off their very low levels to start the year, but we think they can go higher. Higher inflation expectations, less involvement in the bond market by the Federal Reserve (more on this below), and a record amount of Treasury issuance this year are all reasons why we believe interest rates can move higher. We think the 10-year Treasury yield could end the year between 1.75% and 2.0%.
Inflationary pressures are building as the economy continues to recover. As one of bondholders’ main nemeses, inflation erodes the “real” value of principal and interest payments, making them worth less. While we don’t believe inflation will be a lasting problem, we do expect higher consumer prices in the near term, which should nudge interest rates higher over the rest of this year. Moreover—and why we believe copper is an important commodity to watch, as seen in Figure 1—the ratio of copper prices to gold prices has been an important predictor of where the yield of the 10-year Treasury should be. Copper is an important input price for a number of products so, while copper prices have increased due to the strengthening of the global economy, 10-year Treasury yields haven’t kept up. While not a perfect predictor, the copper/gold ratio has been a fairly reliable one—and one that suggests interest rates can move higher than current levels.
Stalling Out
Rising Treasury yields have been a headwind to core fixed income returns this year. Generally speaking, the yield spread between Treasury securities and non-Treasury bond securities can help cushion losses when interest rates move higher (and bond prices fall). However, with valuations within most fixed income sectors already at lofty levels, there hasn’t been enough spread to offset rising Treasury yields. This has caused the prices of many bond sectors to fall as interest rates have moved higher. Unfortunately, we expect the trend of higher interest rates to continue, albeit at a much slower pace than what we’ve already experienced so far this year, putting further downward pressure on core fixed income returns. As seen in Figure 2, expected returns for core fixed income (as defined by the Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond Index) through the remainder of the year are low to even negative in certain scenarios. Because we believe interest rates will move higher from current levels, core fixed income returns may add more negative returns to the already negative year-to-date returns. If core fixed income returns are negative for the year, it will be the first time since 2013, which was the last time the Federal Reserve (Fed) started talking about tapering its bond buying programs. History may be rhyming again.
