Scattering skilled workers across small towns is a "waste of resources," researchers said.
Fed policy makers lowered their main interest rate for a second time this year while splitting over further easing.
He argued low interest rates do little to stimulate demand and may make the problem worse.
Investors took his remarks as leaving the door open to another rate cut when the Fed meets next month.
The Fed chairman is taking on a task that many of his inflation-wary predecessors shunned.
Powell reiterated language suggesting that the Fed will lower interest rates this summer.
The Federal Reserve chairman suggested the tie between inflation and the jobless rate has broken down.
Traders cemented bets that a quarter-point rate cut is coming this month.
Trump last week said he intends to nominate Judy Shelton and Christopher Waller to serve as Governors.
Many members felt the recent dip in inflation was temporary.
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